Details of the Body Image

Most paintings of Jesus’ crucifixion show nails through his palms (as in typical paintings, as shown above), but a nail through the palm would rip though the flesh under the weight of the body. However, the Shroud shows a nail wound through the wrist. Only a nail though the wrist (specifically the Space of Destot) would support the weight of a man. [CE 2017, TWENTIETH CENTURY] 
Could a forger in the 13th century or before have known that? 

• Surely the frontal image is of a victim of crucifixion; the ventral image is a victim of Roman scourging with two first-century flagella, one used by each of two scourgers.

• No thumbs are visible on the frontal image of the Shroud. However, the physiological reason for this is that when a nail is driven through the wrist (Space of Destot) the thumbs retract. [CE 2017, TWENTIETH CENTURY] Would a forger in the 13th century or before have known this and created an image with no thumbs? 

• The images of the fingers appear very narrow--like x-rays of the bones. Further, the bones of the left thumb perhaps appear behind the left hand. [CE 2017, TWENTIETH CENTURY] 

Physiology

• The body displays signs of rigor mortis, but not decomposition. [Antonacci 2000, 280]

The Relationship of the Shroud to the Corpse

The image below illustrates how the Shroud related to the body of the corpse.  

(painting by Giovanni Battista della Rovere, Deposition of Christ (1620), Galleria Sabauda, Turin, Italy. .)