The Most Thorough Scientific Analysis
1978 STURP study
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The Shroud of Turin Research Project (STURP) team comprised numerous American and international scientists and photographers, headed by John Jackson. [Jackson 2021]
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STURP was founded after several of its members discovered that the Shroud image exhibits real three-dimensional information—unlike how a photograph employs shading to suggest three dimensions. [Antonacci 2000, 6]
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The team spent over two years planning dozens of specific experiments, multispectral photography, microscopy, and data gathering measurements. A 61-page document formally outlined a test plan to be followed. [Schwartz 2021, “STURP Original Test Plan”]
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The team transported 8 tons of support equipment and instruments in 72 crates. [Antonacci 2000, 8]
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The 26-perrson team arrived in Turin and studied the Shroud scientifically 24 hours per day from October 8-13, 1978, in Cathedral of St. John the Baptist in Turin, Italy. [Jackson 2021]
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Samples of linen threads and surface particulates were saved for later analysis.
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STURP members published the results of the research in papers in 20 peer reviewed scientific journals following the conclusion of time in Turin. Subsequently, team members published further related papers. [Jackson 2021]
STURP conclusions
[Schwortz 2021, “Summary of STURP’s Conclusions”]
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No pigments, paints, dyes, stains, or body oils have been found on the linen image threads. The image is not the product of an artist.
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There is no evidence of any spices, oils, or any biochemicals known to be produced by a living or deceased body.
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The darker parts of the image were produced by something which produced oxidation, dehydration, and conjugation of the polysaccharide structure of the microfibrils of the linen itself.
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In spite of water stains and contamination, the images have high, photographic-like resolution.
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Computer image processing by a device known as a VP-8 image analyzer showed that the body images encode unique, three-dimensional information directly related to the distance between the body’s points and the Shroud.
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The team could not answer how the images were formed by some combination of physical, chemical, or biological activity.
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The blood stains are composed of hemoglobin and give a positive test for serum albumin.
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The Shroud images are that of a real, scourged, and crucified man.